History -3

1. Mughals were the descendants of Mongols of Mongolia in Central Asia. They had developed the use of artillery in war for the first time.

2. Zahir-ud-din Babar was born in 1483 AD became the king of Farghana at the age of eleven.On the invitation of Daulat Khan Lodhi he came to Panjab. In 1526, the first battle of Panipat was fought between Ibrahim Lodhi & Babar. He established the Mughal Dynasty. He died in 1530AD.Tuzuk-I-Babri is autobiography of Babar.

3. Battle of Kanwah was fought between Babar & Rana Sanga.

4. Battle of Chanderi was fought between Babar & Medni Rao.

5. Humayun succeeded to throne in 1530A.D. At Amarkot a son named Jalal-ud-din.

6. Akbar was born to Humayun wife’s , Hamida Banu.

7. Shershah Suri defeat Humayun two times, one at Chausa in 1539AD. & another time at Kannauj in 1540AD. Shershah built G.T. Road from Calcutta to Peshawar.

8. Vasco da Gama of Portugal reach India in 1498

9. The original inhabitants of America are called Red Indians.

10. Akbar was crowned at the age of 13th year. Bairam Khan, the tutor & guardian of the Prince, became Akbar’s Reagent.

11. In the 2nd Battle of Panipat, 1556A.D. Akbar defeat Hemu.

12. In 1562A.D., Jodha Bai the princess of Ajmer married to Akbar.

13. Battle of Haldighati near Gounda was fought between Akbar & Rana Pratap. Rana Partap was defeated & he escaped, mounted on his beloved hourse Chetak..

14. He built Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri to commemorate his conquest of Gujrat.

15. Akbar attack Ahmadnagar , kingdom was bravely defended by Chand Bibi. Akbar’s friend & poet died in 1595A.D.

16. Salim elder son of Akbar killed Abul Fazal in 1602A.D.

17. Akbar died on 17th October, 1605 at the age of 63. He was buried near Agra in a tomb at Sikandra.

18. Akbar introduced the Manasbari System. Every officer was called a Mansadar. The Wazir (the head of revenue) & the Mir Bakshi ( pay master of army) were the two most important officials.Mir Saman looked after the royal household. The Qazi acted as a Chief Judge. The Sardar-I- Sardar kept a record of the charitable grants given by the emperor. The emperor used to hold meeting with his senior officers in the Dewan-I-khas. The kotwal was incharge of the town administration. Akbar introduced a system of Dashala.

19. Raja Todar Mal was incharge of the revenue & land assessment.

20. Akbar issued a gold coin called Mohur.

21. Abul Fazal wrote Akbar Nama (account of Akbar’s life) ,Ain-I-Akbari , deals with the law & revenue system.

22. Faizi was a poet & wrote in Persian. Akbar got the Ramayana & the Magabharata translated from Sanskrit to Persian.

23. Keshav, Rahim, Surdas, Tulsidas (Ramcharitmanas )were the great Hindi poet of this period.

24. Tansen ,the famous musician & singer, was another gem of Akbar’s court. He sang many Hindustani Ragas, of which Raj Darbari & Deepak Rag are very famous.

25. Akbar built a new capital city at Fatehpur Sikri, near Agra. He built several buildings such as Diwan-I-Khas, the Panch Mahal & Jodha Bai’s palace. He also built Humayun’s tomb at Delhi & Govinda Dev Temple at Vrindavan.

26. In 1575A.D. Akbar built Ibadat Khana at Fateh Sikri.

27. In 1582A.D. Akbar introduced new religion Din-I-ilahi.

28. Akbar’s nine gems: also called Nav-Ratnas. Abul Fazal, Faizi, Rahim, Todar Mal, BirBal, Tansen, Raja Man Singh, Faqir Azio Din & Mullan Do Piaza.

29. Persian books were written in Nastaliq script.

30. Akbar died in 1605A.D. after ruling India for 50 years.

31. Akbare empire was divided into 15 Provinces.

32. Slim Akbar’s eldest son took the title of ‘Nur-ud-din Jahangir’ or the ‘conqueror of the world’.

33. Tuzuk –I-Jahangiri are memoirs of Jahangiri.

34. Guru Arjun Dev ( who built the famous Golden temple at Amritsar & compiled Adi Granth, the holy book of Sikhs) was tortured to death by Jahangir in 1606.

35. Khurram became successful in capturing Kangra in 1622.

36. Jahangir married Nurjahan in 1611, original name was Mehr-ul-Nisa & was a widow. Nurjahan ruled Jahangir’s empire during the last 16 years of his reign.

37. William Hawkins of England visited India in 1608.

38. In 1615 Sir Thomas Roe came to India as ambassador of the English King, James 1& succeeded in getting the trade concession from the Mughal King. He got the permission to set up a factory at Surat.

History, Muslim invasion onwards

1. Muhammad Bin Qasim invaded Sind & Multan in 712 A.D.

2. Mahmud (rular of Ghazni) was the first Turk invader .He attacked India 17 times during the course of 25 years (1001-25 A.D.). Mahmud attacked Nagarkot in 1009AD. He attack Somnath temple in Kathiawar in 1025 A.D.. Many scholars lived at his court such as Firdausi , the author of Shahnama , a biography of Mahmud. Al Beruni was also a great scholar of his times.


3. Muhammad Ghori:- defeat Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192A.D.in the second battle of Tarain. He appointed Qutab-ud- din Aibak as his governor. In the first battle Prithiviraj defeated Muhammad Ghori in 1191 A.D.


4. The period from 1206-1526 A.D. is known as the Sultanate Period.


5. Early rulars are called the Mameluks or Slaves. So the whole dynasty is called the Slave dynasty.


6. The first Slave rular of Slave dynasty was Qutab-ud-din Aibak.(slave of Muhammad Ghori). He built two mosques – one at Delhi, called Quwat-ul-Islam, & the other at Ajmer called Dhai Din ka Jhompra. He also started construction of Qutab Minar, later completed by Illtutnish in 1210A.D.


7. Iltutmish was 2nd slave rular.(1210-1236A.D.)


8. Razia Sultan (1236-40A.D.) daughter of Iltutmish was 3rd rular of slave dynasty.


9. The group of nobles called “The Forty” raised Nasir –ud-din Mahmud to throne.(1246-1266)


10. Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266-86AD) - to face the foreign dangers, he adopted the policy of Blood & Iron .He was the greatest of the slave kings.In 1290 AD slave dynasty came to an end.


11. Jalal-ud-din Khilji (1290-1296) was the founder of Khilji Dynasty.


12. Ala-ud-din Khilji (1296-1316) . He formed a standing & strong army. He fixed the prices of all the comodities.Amir Khusro was a renowned poet of his court. He built Alai Darwaza near Qutab Minar.He built up as vast empire as that of Ashoka. Religion didn’t interfere in his administration. He attacked Chittor, captured its rular Rana Ratan Singh,and wanted Rani Padmini to join his harem.


13. Ghias –ud-din Tughlaq(1320-25) was the founder of Tughlaq dynasty.


14. Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq (1325-1351): He was a scholar of mathematics, philosophy, astronomy .He transferred his capital from Delhi to Devgiri. He introduced Copper coins, which were equal to silver Takka.


15. Feroz Shah Tughlaq (1351-88) levied only four taxes i.e. Kharaj, Zakat, Jazia & Kham. He got 120 gardens planted in Delhi. He was first to impose Jazia on Non-muslims.


16. Amir Taimur (1398) invaded India.


17. Sayyid Dynasty was founded by Khizar Khan in 1414AD.


18. Bahlol Lodhi laid the foundation of Lodhi Dynasty.


19. Sikandar Lodhi made Agra as his Capital.


20. Ibrahim Lodhi. He was the last rular of Delhi Sultanate.


21. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in 1526 AD in the first battle of Panipat.


22. Sultan advisory body was known as Majlis-e-Khalawat. Advised by the Chief Qazi. The officials maintained all the records & collected revenue. The Bakshi was the pay- master of the army. The Qazi was the chief judge. The whole empire was divided into a large number of provinces. The provinces were divided into Shiqs & Shiqs divided into Parganas or group of villages. Muquaddam was the head of village administration.