History, Muslim invasion onwards

1. Muhammad Bin Qasim invaded Sind & Multan in 712 A.D.

2. Mahmud (rular of Ghazni) was the first Turk invader .He attacked India 17 times during the course of 25 years (1001-25 A.D.). Mahmud attacked Nagarkot in 1009AD. He attack Somnath temple in Kathiawar in 1025 A.D.. Many scholars lived at his court such as Firdausi , the author of Shahnama , a biography of Mahmud. Al Beruni was also a great scholar of his times.


3. Muhammad Ghori:- defeat Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192A.D.in the second battle of Tarain. He appointed Qutab-ud- din Aibak as his governor. In the first battle Prithiviraj defeated Muhammad Ghori in 1191 A.D.


4. The period from 1206-1526 A.D. is known as the Sultanate Period.


5. Early rulars are called the Mameluks or Slaves. So the whole dynasty is called the Slave dynasty.


6. The first Slave rular of Slave dynasty was Qutab-ud-din Aibak.(slave of Muhammad Ghori). He built two mosques – one at Delhi, called Quwat-ul-Islam, & the other at Ajmer called Dhai Din ka Jhompra. He also started construction of Qutab Minar, later completed by Illtutnish in 1210A.D.


7. Iltutmish was 2nd slave rular.(1210-1236A.D.)


8. Razia Sultan (1236-40A.D.) daughter of Iltutmish was 3rd rular of slave dynasty.


9. The group of nobles called “The Forty” raised Nasir –ud-din Mahmud to throne.(1246-1266)


10. Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266-86AD) - to face the foreign dangers, he adopted the policy of Blood & Iron .He was the greatest of the slave kings.In 1290 AD slave dynasty came to an end.


11. Jalal-ud-din Khilji (1290-1296) was the founder of Khilji Dynasty.


12. Ala-ud-din Khilji (1296-1316) . He formed a standing & strong army. He fixed the prices of all the comodities.Amir Khusro was a renowned poet of his court. He built Alai Darwaza near Qutab Minar.He built up as vast empire as that of Ashoka. Religion didn’t interfere in his administration. He attacked Chittor, captured its rular Rana Ratan Singh,and wanted Rani Padmini to join his harem.


13. Ghias –ud-din Tughlaq(1320-25) was the founder of Tughlaq dynasty.


14. Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq (1325-1351): He was a scholar of mathematics, philosophy, astronomy .He transferred his capital from Delhi to Devgiri. He introduced Copper coins, which were equal to silver Takka.


15. Feroz Shah Tughlaq (1351-88) levied only four taxes i.e. Kharaj, Zakat, Jazia & Kham. He got 120 gardens planted in Delhi. He was first to impose Jazia on Non-muslims.


16. Amir Taimur (1398) invaded India.


17. Sayyid Dynasty was founded by Khizar Khan in 1414AD.


18. Bahlol Lodhi laid the foundation of Lodhi Dynasty.


19. Sikandar Lodhi made Agra as his Capital.


20. Ibrahim Lodhi. He was the last rular of Delhi Sultanate.


21. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in 1526 AD in the first battle of Panipat.


22. Sultan advisory body was known as Majlis-e-Khalawat. Advised by the Chief Qazi. The officials maintained all the records & collected revenue. The Bakshi was the pay- master of the army. The Qazi was the chief judge. The whole empire was divided into a large number of provinces. The provinces were divided into Shiqs & Shiqs divided into Parganas or group of villages. Muquaddam was the head of village administration.