I.A.S. (Pre) 2011

1. Gautam Buddha had attained Mahaparinibban in the State of
(a) Anga (b) Magadha (c) Malla (d) Vatsa
Answer- c
Explanation-After the Buddha passed away, prominent monks spent the rest of the night discussing the teachings. At dawn, the Venerable Ananda informed the Mallas of Kusinara of the Mahaparinibbana (death) of the Master. For seven days the Mallas and throngs of people paid respect to the body of the Blessed One with lights, incense, garlands of flowers, instrumental music and religious songs. For the cremation ceremonies, a pyre of perfumed wood and flowers was prepared. The body of the Buddha was cremated with honour due the Greatest King.
2. Buddha had delivered maximum sermons at
(a) Vaishali
(b) Sravasti
(b) Kaushambi
(d) Rajgriha
Answer-b
Explanation-
It was at Sarnath Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon to his disciples for whom he left Bodh Gaya. In this sermon he had preached the middle path of attaining the "Nirvana" that avoids the extremes of pleasure and austerity, the four noble truths and the eightfold path. Buddha had delivered maximum sermons at Sravasti.

3. The first Gupta ruler who issued coins was
(a) Srigupta
(b) Chandragupta I
(c) Samudragupta
(d) Chandragupta II
Answer-b
Explanation-
Chandragupta- I introduced a new era, the Gupta era and the first Gupta king to adapt the title Maharajadhiraja and issued gold coins.

4. The Prince who was responsible for the death of his father was
(a) Ajatsatru
(b) Chandapradyota
(c) Prasenjit
(d) Udayana
Answer-a
Explanation-
Ajātashatru was a king of the Magadha empire in north India. He was the son of King Bimbisara, the Great Monarch of Magadha. He was contemporary to Lord Mahavira and Lord Buddha. He took over the kingdom of Magadha from his father forcefully by imprisoning him who is said to have starved him to death. He fought a terrible war against the Vajjis/Lichhvis and conquered the once considered invincible democratic Vaishali Republic.

5. Who among the following was the earliest Sufi Saint to have settled at Ajmer?
(a) Sheikh Moinuddin Chisti
(b) Sheikh Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Qaki
(c) Sheikh Nizamuddin Auliya
(d) Sheikh Salim Chisti
Answer-a
Explanation-
Mu'īnuddīn Chishtī reached Ajmer along with Mohammad of Ghori, and settled down there. In Ajmer, he attracted a substantial following, acquiring a great deal of respect amongst the residents of the city. Mu'īnuddīn Chishtī practiced the Sufi Sulh-e-Kul (peace to all) concept to promote understanding between Muslims and non-Muslims. Mu'īnuddīn Chishtī, Bakhtiyar Kaki, Baba Farid and Nizamuddin Auliya (each successive person being the disciple of the previous one), constitutes the great Sufi saints of Indian history.
Shaikh Salim was Sufi saint during Mughal Empire in South Asia. Salim Chishti was one of the famous Sufi saints of the Chishti Order in India. Salim Chishti was the descendant of the famous Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti whose tomb is in Ajmer, Rajasthan.

6. With which Mughal General did Shivaji singh the famous Treaty of Purandhar' in 1665 A.D.?
(a) Jaswant Singh
(b) Jai Singh
(c) Shaishta Khan
(d) Diler Khan
Answer-b
Explanation-
The Treaty of Purandar was signed on June 11, 1665, between the Rajput ruler Jai Singh I, who was commander of the Mughal Empire, and Maratha Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Shivaji was forced to sign the agreement after Jai Singh besieged Purandar fort. When Shivaji realised that war with the Mughal Empire would only cause damage to the empire and that his men would suffer heavy losses, he chose to make a treaty instead of leaving his men under the Mughals.

7. During the 13th and 14th centuries A.D. the Indian peasants did not cultivate.
(a) Wheat
(b) Bareley
(c) Rice
(d) Maize
Answer-d
Explanation-
Maize in India is a post-Columbian introduction by the Portuguese in the 16th century or later.

8. The writer of Mahabhasya 'Patanjali' was a contemporary of
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Ashoka
(c) Pushyamitra Sunga
(d) Chandragupta I
Answer-c
Explanation-
The Sunga Empire played an imperative role in patronizing Indian culture at a time when some of the most important developments in Hindu thought were taking place. Patanjali`s Yoga Sutras and Mahabhasya were composed in this period. Panini composed the first Sanskrit grammarian Ashtadayai during the reign of the Sunga dynasty. Artistry also progressed with the rise of the Mathura school of art.

9. Who among the following was the founder of Agra
(a) Balban
(b) Bahlol Lodhi
(c) Sikandar Lodhi
(d)Firoz Tughlaq
Answer-c
Explanation-
Sikandar Lodi seized Agra and during his reign, the city flourished as an important cultural centre. However, the claims of Niamatullah, the chronicler of the Lodhi dynasty, that Sikandar founded the city are unacceptable, as it had been mentioned in earlier records. The only claim that could be justified was that Agra came to be known as the Shiraz of India during Sikandar Lodi's time.

10. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched
(a) Ajmer- Quuwal-al-Islam
(b) Jaunpur- Atala Mosque
(c) Malwa- Jahaz Mahal
(d) Gulbarga- Jama Masjid
Answer-a
Explanation-
Jama Masjid Gulbarga, reputed to have been built by a Moorish architect during the late 14th or early 15th century who imitated the great mosque in Cordoba, Spain.
The Jaunpur Atala Masjid was built by Sultan Ibrahim (1401–1440), Sharqi Sultan of Jaunpur on foundations laid during the reign of Tughluq Sultan Firuz Shah III (1351–1388).
Jahaz Mahal is believed to have been constructed during the reign of Mahmud Shah Khalji. It was commissioned by Ghiyas al-Din. The Jahaz Mahal in Mandu, Malwa is located on a narrow strip of land between the two lakes.

11. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer from the code given below:
1) Vikram Samvat began in 58 BC
2) Saka Samvat began in 78 AD.
3) Gupta era began in 319 AD.
4) The era of Muslim rule in India began in 1192 AD.
Code:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 3 and 4
(c) 1,2 and 3
(d) 1,2,3 and 4
Answer-d
Explanation-
Vikram Samvat was introduced in 57 B.C. and hence if 57 is deducted from Vikram Samvat year we get Christian year. e.g. V.S. 2054 – 57 = A.D. 1997.
The Saka Samvat or Era commenced in B.C. 78 during Saka Kshatrap Nahpan’s time. By adding 78 to Saka year, we get Christian year. e.g. Saka 1752 + 78 = A.D. 1830.
In A.D. 320 Chandragupta I succeeded his father Ghatotkacha. It is said that he laid the foundation of great Gupta Empire.
In the 8th century, the province of Sindh (in present day Pakistan) was conquered by an Arab army led by Muhammad bin Qasim. Sindh became the easternmost province of the Umayyad Caliphate. In the first half of the 10th century, Mahmud of Ghazni added the Punjab to the Ghaznavid Empire and conducted several raids deeper into modern day India.

12. Which one of the following rulers established embassies in foreign countries on modern lines?
(a) Haider Ali
(b) Mir Qusim
(c) ShahAlam II
(d) Tipu Sultan
Answer-d
Explanation-
Tipu Sultan external relations aimed at seeking support of the foreign power for a concerted action against the English, whose commercial company had become the most dominating political authority in India. His embassies to distant places like Paris and Constantinople, his numerous letters to France and Turkey, his invitation to Zaman Shah of Afghanistan to rescue the Mughals from English hands, and his correspondence with Napoleon, were all focused on the single point of his confrontation with the English.

13. Who among the following was the one to have escaped being hanged in the 'Kakori Conspiracy Case'?
(a) Ashfaquallah Khan
(b) Rajendra Lahiri
(c) Ram Prasad Bismil
(d) Chandra Shekhar Azad
Answer-d
Explanation-
Swaran Singh (uncle of Bhagat Singh), Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqullah Khan, Rajendra Lahiri and Roshan Singh were sentenced to death by the Court of Justice in the 'Kakori Conspiracy Case'.

14. Who among the following attended all the three Round Table Conferences?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) B.R. Ambedkar
(c) Vallabh Bhai Patel
(d) Rajendra Prasad
Answer-b
Explanation-
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was elected as the chairman of the drafting committee that was constituted by the Constituent Assembly to draft a constitution for the independent India; he was the first Law Minister of India; conferred Bharat Ratna in 1990. Dr. Ambedkar attended all the three Round Table Conferences in London and forcefully argued for the welfare of the "untouchables".

15. Which Sultan of Delhi imposed Jaziya on the Brahmins also?
(a) Balban
(b) Firoz Tughlaq
(c) Allauddin Khilji
(d) Mohammad bin Tughlaq
Answer-b
Explanation-
He refused to exempt the Brahmins from the payment of Jaziya. He persecuted a number of heretical Muslim sects. He banned inhuman punishments. He prohibited Muslim women from going to worship in the grave of Saints. A brahmin was burnt publicly for questioning the Quran.

16. After returning from South Africa, Gandhiji launched his first successful Satyagraha in
(a) Champaran
(b) Chauri Chaura
(c) Bardoli
(d) Dandi
Answer-a
Explanation-
First civil disobedience Gandhi was requested by Raj kumar Shukla to look into The problem of the indigo planters of Champaran in Bihar. Gandhi had won the first battle of civil disobedience in India.

17. The only session of the Indian National Congress which was addressed by Mahatma Gandhi was held at
(a) Amravati
(b) Belgaum
(c) Karachi
(d) Nagpur
Answer-b
Explanation-
Belgaum was chosen as the venue of the 39th session of Indian National Congress in December 1924 under the Presidentship of Mahatma Gandhiji. The city served as a major military installation for the British Raj, primarily due to its proximity to Goa, which was then a Portuguese territory. Once the British left India, the Indian Government continued and still continues to have Armed forces installations in Belgaum.

18. Who among the following leaders of the Revolution of 1857 had the real name of Ram Chandra Pandurang?
(a) Kunwar Singh
(b) Nana Saheb
(c) Tatiya Tope
(d) Mangal Pandey
Answer-c
Explanation-
Tatya Tope alias Ram Chandra Pandurang was born around 1813 in an orthodox Deshasth Brahmin family in Poona. His father, Pandurang Rao Tope, was an important noble at the court of the Peshwa Baji Rao II. He shifted his family with the ill-fated Peshwa to Bithur where his son became the most intimate friend of the Peshwa’s adopted son, Nana Dhundu Pant. The other associates of Tatya Tope were Rao Sahib and Rani Lakshmi Bai.

19. Who among the following led the agitation against the Partition of Bengal (1905)?
(a) Surendranath Banerjee
(b) C.R. Das
(c) Ashutosh Mukherjee
(d) Rabindra Nath Tagore
Answer-a
Explanation-
Moderate-led Anti-Partition Movement (1903-05)-Under Surendranath Banerjee, K.K.Mitra. Prithwish Chandra Kay.
Movement under Extremists (1905-08)
Led by Tilak. Bipin Chandra Pal. Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghosh.

20. Who among the following leaders escaped from the prison and organized underground activities during the 'Quit India Movement'?
(a) J.B. Kriplani
(b) Ram Manohar Lohia
(c) Achyut Patwardhan
(d) Jai Prakash Narayan
Answer-d
Explanation-
Jai Prakash Narayan was arrested in 1942 for participating in the Quit India movement. In November 1942, Jayaprakash along with five others escaped the prison and organized underground activities during the 'Quit India Movement'.

21. Arrange the following in the chronological order and select the correct answer from the code given below.
1. The August Offer
2. The Cabinet Mission Plan
3. The Cripps Mission Plan
4. The Wavell Plan
Code:
(a) 1,2,4, 3
(b) 4,3,2,1
(c) 1,3,4,2
(d) 3,4,1,2
Answer-c
Explanation-
August Offer -August 1940
Cripps Mission -1942
Wavell Plan-1945
Cabinet Mission-1946

22. The statement "I am a socialist and a republican and am no believer in Kings and Princes" is associated with
(a) Narendra Dev
(b) Achyut Patwardhan
(c) Jai Prakash Narayan
(d) Jawahar Lal Nehru
Answer-d
Explanation-
“I must frankly confess that I am a socialist and a republican, and am no believer in kings and princes, or in the order which produces the modern kings of industry, who have greater power over the lives and fortunes of men than even the kings of old, and whose methods are as predatory as those of the old feudal aristocracy”.- Jawahar Lal Nehru

23. Who among the following had led the Swadeshi Movement in Delhi?
(a) Balgangadhar Tilak
(b) Ajit Singh
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Syed Haider Raza
Answer-d
Explanation-
more powerful the Swadeshi and Boycott movement was launched. Mass meetings were held all over Bengal where Swadeshi or the use of Indian goods and the boycott of British goods were proclaimed and pledged. In many places public burning of foreign cloth were organized and shops selling foreign cloth were picketed. Soon the movement spread to other parts of the country- in Poona and Bombay under Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh, in Delhi, under Syed Haider Raza and in Madras under Chidambaram Pillai.

24. Who among the following had moved the Non co-operation resolution in the Nagpur session of the Indian National Congress in 1920?
(a) C.R. Das
(b) Annie Besant
(c) B.C. Pal
(d) Madan Mohan Malviya
Answer-a
Explanation-
By December, when the congress met for its annual session at Nagpur, it was C. R. Das who moved the main resolution on non-cooperation.

25. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(a) Durga Das: The Life of Mahatma
(b) Louis Fischer: India From Curzon to Nehru and After
(c) Frank Moraes : Jawahar Lal Nehru- A Biography.
(d) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad : India Divided
Answer-c
Explanation-
India From Curzon to Nehru and After- Durga Das
Jawahar Lal Nehru- A Biography- Frank Moraes
The Life of Mahatma- Louis Fischer

26. Which one of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched?
(a) James Watt: Steam Engine
(b) A.G. Bell : Telephone
(c) J.L. Baird : Television
(d) J. Perkins : Penicillin
Answer-d
Explanation-
Edward Joseph Perkins is a former American diplomat. He served as U.S. Ambassador to Liberia, South Africa, and the United Nations 1992-1993. He was later Director of the US State Department's Diplomatic Corps.
In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming observed that colonies of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus could be destroyed by the mold Penicillium notatum, proving that there was an antibacterial agent there in principle.

27. Who among the following had started 'Mitra Mela' Association?
(a) Shyamji Krishna Verma
(b) Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
(c) Lala Hardayal
(d) Sohan Singh Bhakna
Answer-b
Explanation-
Veer Savarkar established an organization by the name of 'Mitra Mela' which influenced the members to fight for "absolute political independence" of India. The Mitra Mela members served the victims of plague in Nasik. He later called the "Mitra Mela" as "Abhinav Bharat" and declared "India must be independent".

28. Helium is preferred to hydrogen in air balloons because it
(a) is cheaper
(b) is less dense
(c) has greater lifting power
(d) does not form an explosive mixture with air.
Answer-d
Explanation-
A gas balloon is any balloon that stays aloft due to being filled with a gas less dense than air or lighter than air (such as helium or hydrogen). It does not form an explosive mixture with air. Although helium is twice as heavy as (diatomic) hydrogen and costlier, they are both so much lighter than air that this difference is inconsequential. Hydrogen has about 8% more buoyancy than helium

29. Which one of the following is NOT formed in our body?
(a) Vitamin A (b) Protein (c) Enzyme (d) Hormone
Answer-a
Explanation-
Vitamin A is not formed in our body but comes from dietary sources. Protein, enzyme and hormone are synthesized in our body.

30. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(a) Silver iodide - Horm Silver
(b) Silver chloride- Artificial rain
(c) Zinc phosphide- Rat poison
(d) Zinc sulphide- Philosopher's wool
Answer-c
Explanation-
Rat poison is made with zinc phosphide. The zinc phosphide reacts with the rodent's stomach acid to form a gas called phosphine. Artificial rain is produced by spraying clouds with substances like Silver Iodide (costly) or cheaper ones like solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) or even finely powdered Sodium Chloride. This process is called seeding.

31. Which one of the following gases is essential for photosynthesis process?
(a) CO (b) CO2 (c) N2 (d) O2
Answer-b
Explanation-
In photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to chemical energy. The chemical energy is stored in the form of glucose (sugar). Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight are used to produce glucose, oxygen, and water.

32. Match List -I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below:-
List-I List-II
A. Morphinhe - 1. Antiseptic
B. Sodium- 2. Alloy
C. Boric Acid - 3. Analgesic
D. German Silver 4. Kerosene oil
Code:
A B C D
(a) 4 3 1 2
(b) 2 4 3 1
(c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 3 4 1 2
Answer-d
Explanation-
Morphine- Analgesic
Sodium- Kerosene oil
Boric Acid- Antiseptic
German Silver- German silver has a color resembling silver, but is an alloy of primarily copper, nickel and zinc.

33. Which one of the following human organs is most susceptible to harmful radiations?
(a) Eyes (b) Heart (c) Brain (d) Lungs H.A.S. 2009
Answer- d
Explanation-
Not all living cells are equally sensitive to radiation. Those cells which are actively reproducing are more sensitive than those which are not. Lymphocytes (white blood cells) and cells which produce blood are constantly regenerating, and are, therefore, the most sensitive. Reproductive and gastrointestinal cells are not regenerating as quickly and are less sensitive. The nerve and muscle cells are the slowest to regenerate and are the least sensitive cells.
When radiation interacts with water, it may break the bonds that hold the water molecule together, producing fragments such as hydrogen (H) and hydroxyls (OH). These fragments may recombine or may interact with other fragments or ions to form compounds, such as water, which would not harm the cell. However, they could combine to form toxic substances, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can contribute to the destruction of the cell.
Cataracts (a clouding of the lens of the eye) appear to have a threshold of about 200 rad. Neutrons are especially effective in producing cataracts, because the eye has a high water content, which is particularly effective in stopping neutrons.

34. The minimum height of a plane mirror to see the full size image of a person is equal to
(a) the height of the person
(b) half the height of the person.
(c) one-fourth the height of the person
(d) double the height of the person
Answer-b
Explanation-
In order to see full length of a person, requires a plane mirror, which is half of its own height. This relation is true for any distance of object from plane mirror.

35. Which of the following is NOT the normal function of the human kidney?
(a) Regulation of water level in the blood.
(b) Regulation of sugar level in the blood.
(c) Filter out urea.
(d) Secretion of several hormones.
Answer-b
Explanation-
Functions
1. Excretion of wastes
2. Acid-base homeostasis
3. Osmolality regulation
4. Blood pressure regulation
5. Hormone secretion

36. Retina of the eye is comparable to which of the following parts of a traditional camera?
(a) Film (b) Lens (c) Shutter (d) Cover
Answer-b
Explanation-
There is a lens on the front of the camera, which is responsible for focusing the incoming light on the image-capturing surface. This is much like the way the lens of an eye focuses light onto the retina. In traditional cameras, the surface is film. In digital cameras, the incoming light is focused onto a chip called a digital sensor.

37. Anosmia is
(a) loss of the sense of taste.
(b) loss of the sense of smell.
(c) loss of the sense of touch.
(d) loss of the sense of heat.
Answer-b
Explanation-
Anosmia is a lack of functioning olfaction, or in other words, an inability to perceive odours. Anosmia may be either temporary or permanent. A related term, hyposmia, refers to a decreased ability to smell, while hyperosmia refers to an increased ability to smell. Some people may be anosmic for one particular odor. This is known as "specific anosmia".

38. Assertion (A): If somebody stops taking green vegetables he will suffer from night blindness.
Reason (R) : He will suffer from Vitamin A deficiency.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
(c)(A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer-a
Explanation-
Vitamin A prevents eye problems, promotes a healthy immune system, is essential for the growth and development of cells, and keeps skin healthy. Good sources of vitamin A are milk, eggs, liver, fortified cereals, darkly colored orange or green vegetables (such as carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, and kale), and orange fruits such as cantaloupe, apricots, peaches, papayas, and mangos.

39. Insectivorous fish used for mosquito control is
(a) Hilsa (b) Labeo (c) Gambusia (d) Mystus
Answer-c
Explanation-
The two well-known larvivorous fish used extensively by the Centre are exotic. The guppy, a native of south America, was introduced in India in 1908 and Gambusia affinis, a native of Texas and widely distributed in the world, was imported from Italy in 1928. Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) and Gambusia affinis have been used in vector control programmes for 5 to 6 decades and could be found widely occurring in nature almost all over the country.

40. With which of the physiological process Thrombin is associated?
(a) Excretion
(b) Blood clotting
(c) Reproduction
(d) Growth
Answer-b
Explanation-
Thrombin is a "trypsin-like" serine protease protein. Prothrombin (coagulation factor II) is proteolytically cleaved to form thrombin in the first step of the coagulation cascade, which ultimately results in the stemming of blood loss. Thrombin in turn acts as a serine protease that converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble strands of fibrin, as well as catalyzing many other coagulation-related reactions.

41. AIDS is caused by
(a) Bacteria (b) Fungus (c) Helminth (d) Virus
Answer-d
Explanation-
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This condition progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors.

42. BMD testing is done to diagnose
(a) Dengue (b) Malaria (c) Osteoporosis (d) AIDS
Answer-c
Explanation-
Bone density (or bone mineral density) is a medical term referring to the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones. Bone density (or BMD) is used in clinical medicine as an indirect indicator of osteoporosis and fracture risk.

43. The principle of 'Black hole' was enunciated by
(a) C.V. Raman
(b) H.J. Bhabha
(c) S. Chandrashekhar
(d) H. Khurana
Answer-c
Explanation-
Chandrasekhar's most notable work was the astrophysical Chandrasekhar limit. The limit describes the maximum mass of a white dwarf star, ~1.44 solar masses, or equivalently, the minimum mass, above which a star will ultimately collapse into a neutron star or black hole (following a supernova)

44. Which one of the following is used as a moderator in the nuclear reactor?
(a) Thorium
(b) Graphite
(c) Radium
(d) Ordinary water
Answer-b
Explanation-
The reaction can be controlled by using neutron poisons, which absorb excess neutrons, and neutron moderators, which reduce the velocity of fast neutrons, thereby turning them into thermal neutrons, which are more likely to be absorbed by other nuclei. Increasing or decreasing the rate of fission has a corresponding effect on the energy output of the reactor.
Commonly used moderators include graphite & heavy water. Beryllium has also been used in some experimental types, and hydrocarbons have been suggested as another possibility.

45. Refrigeration helps in food preservation by
(a) killing the germs
(b) Reducing the rate of biochemical reactions.
(c) destroying enzyme action.
(d) sealing the food with a layer of ice.
Answer-b
Explanation-
Refrigeration preserves food by slowing down the growth and reproduction of micro-organisms and the action of enzymes which cause food to rot.

46. Electric bulb filament is made of
(a) Copper (b) Aluminium (c) Lead (d) Tungsten
Answer-d
Explanation-
Incandescent light bulbs consist of a glass enclosure (the envelope, or bulb) with a filament of tungsten wire inside the bulb, through which an electric current is passed. The bulb is filled with an inert gas such as argon to reduce evaporation and prevent oxidation of the filament.

47. Which mirror is used as a rear view mirror in the vehicles?
(a) Plane (b) Convex (c) Concave (d) Inverted
Answer-b
Explanation-
A rear-view mirror is a mirror in automobiles and other vehicles, designed to allow the driver to see rearward through the vehicle's backlight (rear windscreen). Because of the distance from the driver's eye to the passenger side mirror, a useful field of view can only be achieved with a convex or aspheric mirror. However, the convexity also minifies the objects shown. Since minified objects seem farther away than they actually are, a driver might make a maneuver such as a lane change assuming an adjacent vehicle is a safe distance behind, when in fact it is quite a bit closer.

48. Which one of the following is a part of Infotech Terminology?
(a) Protocol
(b) Login
(c) Archie
(d) All the above
Answer-d
Explanation-
Archie is a tool for indexing FTP archives, allowing people to find specific files. It is considered to be the first Internet search engine. In information technology, a Protocol is the special set of rules that end points in a telecommunication connection use when they communicate. Protocols exist at several levels in a telecommunication connection. For example, there are protocols for the data interchange at the hardware device level and protocols for data interchange at the application program level. In computer security, a login or logon is the process by which individual access to a computer system is controlled by identification of the user using credentials provided by the user.

49. Inventor and founder of www is
(a) Timoernrus (b) N. Russel (c) Lee N. Fiyong (d) Bill Gates
Answer-a
Explanation-
Sir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee, also known as "TimBL", is a British physicist, computer scientist and MIT professor, credited for his invention of the World Wide Web (not the Internet), making the first proposal for it in March 1989. On 25 December 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau and a young student at CERN, he implemented the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the Internet.

50. Amniocentosis is a method used to determine the
(a) foetal sex
(b) kind of Amino acids
(c) sequence of Amino acids in protein
(d) type of hormones
Answer-a
Explanation-
Amniocentesis (also referred to as amniotic fluid test or AFT), is a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections in which a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, is extracted from the amnion or amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus, and the fetal DNA is examined for genetic abnormalities. Besides these specific conditions for use of amniocentesis it is being used, or rather grossly misused, for doing antenatal sex determination (ASD).