Biological Facts

1. The common name for Ascaris is round worm.

2. Respiration in arthropods occurs through gills, book lungs and trachea.

3. Devil fish is common name of octopus.

4. Tube feet is the locomotory organ of starfish.

5. Insulin which regulates blood sugar is a protein hormone, secreted by pancreas.

6. The function of protective proteins called antibodies is to help fight infection in our body. Gamma globulins present in blood is an example of protective proteins.

7. Coconut oil does not contain any essential fatty acid.

8. Sunflower seed oil contains maximum content of linoleic acid.

9. Vitamin A is formed in the liver from β-carotene, an orange- yellow pigment of carrots. Carotene also occurs in maize, spinach and papaya. A large quantity of vitamin A can be stored in the liver, enough to supply a person for many month.

10. Vitamin D facilitates absorption of calcium and phosphorus by intestine and their retention in the body and their utilization for bone and teeth formation.

11. Milk is one food item which contains both calcium and phosphorus.

12. Undigestible fibrous material present in the food is called roughage. Their main function is to absorb a great amount of water and to helps retain water in body :& adds bulk to the food and prevents constipation. The main source of roughage in human body is salad vegetables and fruits with skin and high fibre content.

13. Collagen is the most abundant protein in human body.

14. Dietary requirement of protein increases during lactation.

15. Iron is present in myoglobin.

16. Mottling of teeth occurs due to presence of fluorine element in drinking water.

17. Malaria is a communicable diseases. It spreads from infected person to healthy person by the bite of female anopheles. A drug named quinine, which is extracted from the bark of Cinchona tree, is used to treat a person suffering from malaria.

18. Jaundice or hepatitis is the diseases of liver. Hepatitis is spread mostly by food and water contaminated with hepatitis virus.

19. The bite of rabid dog and some other mammals such as monkey, cats, or rabbits may cause rabies, which is fatal. Patients develop fear of water, and as such disease is also called hydrophobia. Rabies can be treated with Pasteur’s treatment.

20. White blood cells make up 10% of the total volume of the blood.

21. Tuberculosis was first discovered by German scientist Robert Koch. It is an infectious disease which is communicable from one person to another directly or indirectly. It can affect all parts of body such as lungs, lymph, glands, bones intestines etc. BCG vaccine gives considerable protection against T.B.

22. Typhoid is most common infectious or communicable disease of India. It is caused by rod-shaped and motile bacterium, called Salmonella typhi which is commonly found in the intestine of human beings. Symptoms are fever, delirium, slow pulse, abdominal tenderness and rose coloured rash.

23. Kwashiorkor & marasmus diseases are caused by severe protein deficiency.

24. Dermatosis and cracking of skin at angles of mouth are indicative of riboflavin deficiency.

25. Pellagra is caused due to deficiency of vitamin niacin.

26. The Central Research Institute, Kasauli is the biggest and most important producer of immunoniologicals, for example DPT, anti-thphoid, anti-rabies, yellow fever vaccine and cholera vaccine.