Basic Biology

1. DNA finger printing was discovered by Sir Alec Jeffreys.
2. Glycogen is our body’s major fuel source and is sometimes referred to as blood sugar.
3. 1gram fat provides 9 calories- more than double the calories in 1gram of protein or carbohydrates.
4. Iron is the raw material for RBC, while iodine for thyroid gland functioning.
5. Calcium is the raw material for bone and teeth formation and regulating the blood pressure.
6. Proteins consists of smaller units called amino acids.
7. An average man contains about 45 liters of water which is 70% of the body weight.
8. Vitamin A, D, E & K are fat soluble while vitamin B & C are water soluble.
9. Egg is the rich source of all nutrients except Vitamin C.
10. Vitamin A chemical name Retinol is known as anti-infective vitamin. Its deficiency causes night blindness, Xerophthalmia, retarded growth.
11. Vitamin B₁ (Thiamine) is essential for healthy nerves and mucous membranes. Its deficiency causes Beri-beri, loss apetite and weight etc.
12. Vitamin B₆(Riboflovin) is essential for protein metabolism and blood formation. Its deficiency causes mild anaemia, low resistance to infection etc.
13. Vitamin B₁₂ (Cytamine) is essential for the development of red blood cells. Its deficiency cause acute form of anaemia.
14. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) It provides the collagen which binds the cell together and helps in keeping the skin elastic and supple. Milk is deficient in it. Its deficiency causes Scurvy.
15. Vitamin D (Calcipherol) is essential for absorption of calcium and phosphates in the body so it regulates the bone and teeth formation. Its deficiency results in rickets .
16. Vitamin E (Tocopherol) is anti sterility vitamin.
17. Vitamin K helps in blood coagulation.