1. Lord Canning(1858-62)became the first Governor General & Viceroy under the Indian Councils Act of 1858
2. The Indian Penal Code & the Criminal Procedure Code drawn up by Macaulay were introduced in 1860-61. The Indian Civil Service Act was passed in 1861.Lord Canning introduced the Portfolio System in the Government of India.
]3. Charles Wood’s Education Despatch of 1854 implemented by the University Act(1857), leading to the establishment of Universities in Calcutta, Bombay & Madras.
4. Lord Elgin (1862-1863) died suddenly at Dharamsala in 1863.
5. Sir John Lawrence (jan1864-69): He was the first to move the entire govt. of India to Shimla during the summer months. In his tenure tenure there was war with Bhutan (1864)
6. Lord Mayo (Jan.1869-72) He was assassinated by a convict at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands.
7. Lord Northbrook ( May 1872-1876)
8. Lord Lytton ( 18876-80) He created the Statutory Civil Service. He held Imperial Darbar in 1877, which was to mark the assumption of the title of ‘Empress of India’ by Queen Victoria. He enacted the Vernacular Press Act which put curbs on seditious writing. His aggressive policy led to the 2nd Afgan War (1879-81).
9.Lord Ripon (1880-84) Illbert bill was introduced in February 1883. Hunter Commission on educational reforms set up in 1882, First session of the National Conference at Calcutta in 1883.
10.Lord Dufferin (1884-88) First session of Indian National Congress was convened in Bombay. Allahabad University was set up in 1887.
11. Lord Landsdowne (1888-94) In 1888 demarcated it frontier with Tibet, the border between north- east Bengal & Burma was settled. In Afghanistan, efforts to demarcate a boundary commenced in 1894, resulting in the establishment of Duran Line.
12. Lord Elgin(1894- 99) In Lord Elgin’s tenure, the convention delimiting the frontier between China & Burma was ratified .
13. Lord Curzon (1899-1905) Partiton of Bengal in 1905. Coronation Darbar at Delhi mark the accession of King Edward VII. J.N. TATA was given permission to set up an iron & steel plant. He establish an Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa.
14.Lord Minto (1905-10). Formation of the All- India Muslim League. In 1908 Khudiram Bose was executed.
15. Lord Hardinge ( 1910-16) Delhi Darbar held in 1911, when George V visited India. The Capital was shifted to Delhi in 1912. Home Rule Movement was born in 1916.In 1914 Forest Research Institute & College opened at Dehra Dun. In 1915 Gandhi arrived in INDIA. Gokhale died . Rass Behari bose escape to Japan. Annie Besant announced the formation of Home Rule League.
16.Lord Chelmsford (1916-21) announcement of ‘Dominion Home Rule’ as the goal for India’s constitutional progress. Muslim League & the Congress joined hands leading to the Lucknow pact in 1916.Montagu- Chelmsford Reforms of 1919. Rawlatt Act passed , Gandhi appealed to Indians to observe an all India hartal on 6 April, 1919 in protest against the ‘black law’. On 13 April Brigadier Dyer fired on a peaceful gathering at Jalliawala Bagh. R.N.Tagore renounced his knighthood as a mark of protest. Lord Chelmsford appointed the Hunter Committee to hold an enquiry into Punjab incidence.
17. Lord Reading ( 1921-26):- In 1922 Gandhi was arrested; Chauri Chaura incident ended the Non- cooperation movement; 1st January, 1923 saw the formation of Swarajist Party by C.R.Das, Motilal Nehru. In 1924 the Royal (Lee) Commission on Superior Services submitted its report. Vithalbhai Patel was elected first Indian Presiding Officer of the Central Legislative Assembly.
18. Lord Irwin ( 1926-31):- In 1927, The Swarajists declared their goal to be Purna Swaraj or complete Independence . On 3rd February, 1928 Simon Commission , “all White’ Commission, came to India. To suppress demonstration in Lahore police use force & in a lathicharge Lala Lajpat Rai was struck & injured . The Punjab Kesari as the great leader was known , died a few days later. 1929 Bhagat Singh dropped bombs into the Legislative Assembly . Jatin Das died in jail after 64- days fast. In 1929 the Lahore Congress session call for Poorna Swaraj under the Pr. J.L.Nehru , Congress Working Committee met on 2nd January 1930 & decided that 26th January should be observed as the day of Purna Swaraj. Lord Irwin announced Dominion Status as the political goat of British policy in India. In 1930 the Congress passed Civil Disobedience resolution . Gandhi began his salt Satyagraha with the Dandi March. He left Sabarmati Ashram on March 12,1930. He reached Dandi on 5th April 1930. Next day he violated the salt laws by picking up a lump of the salt . First Round Table Conference was inaugurated in London. In 1931 Gandhi Irwin pact was signed. Gandhi sailed for England to attend 2nd RTC.
19. Lord Willingdon ( 1931-36): - On16th August 1932 the British PM , MacDonald, announced the Communal Award, the award provided for separate Hindu, ‘Untouchable’ & Muslim electorates for the new federal legislatures treating Hindu & Harijans as two separate political entities. Poona Pact regarding SC representation was signed. Harijan Sewak Sabha was formed.3rd RTC was held. In 1935 Rahmat Ali published a leaflet on the formation of Pakistan.
20 . Lord Linlithgow: - (1937-43): Muslim League’s celebrate “Day of Deliverance” on 22nd Dec. 1939. Aug.9, 1942, congress passed “Quit India Resolution”, Cripps Mission.
21. Lord Wavell: (Oct. 1943- March 1947) : - Shimla Conference in June 1945, Cabinet Mission in 1946.
No comments:
Post a Comment