1. Indian Council Act, 1861: - -A portfolio system was introduced in Governor General’s executive council.
2. Indian Council Act, 1892: The councils were to have the power of discussing the annual statement of revenue and expenditure i.e. budget and of addressing questions to the executive.
3. Morley Minto Reforms 1909: - An element of election was introduced in the legislative council at the centre. The size of the councils was enlarged by including elected non-official members so that the official majority was gone.
4. Indian Council Act 1909: - Separate representation of the Muslim community in the Legislative councils was introduced for the first time and thus sowed the seeds of separatism.
5. Govt. of India Act 1919: - Provincial Legislature was empowered to present its own budget and levy its own taxes relating to the provincial sources of revenue. Dyarchy in the provinces was introduced.
6. The Simon Commission: - British govt. in 1927 appointed a statutory Commission, as envisaged by the Govt. of India Act 1919, to inquire into and report on the working of Act and in 1929 to announce that Dominion Status was the goal of Indian political development. The commission, headed by Sir John Simon, reported in 1930.
7. Govt. Of India Act 1935: - It provided separate representation not only for the Muslims, but also for the Sikhs, the Europeans, Indian Christians and Anglo-Indians. Dyarchy was introduced at the Centre. The central Legislature was bi-Cameral, consisting of Federal Assembly and the Council of States. Grants provincial autonomy (came into effect in Apriil 1937). In 6 of the Provinces, the Legislature was bi-cameral. J.L. Nehru describe the act as ‘That the Act had all brakes but no engine’
8. Gandhiji described the Cripps proposals as a ‘Post dated cheque on a failing bank’.
9. The demand that India’s political destiny should be determined by the Indian themselves had been put forward by the Mahatma Gandhi as early as in 1922.
10. Indian Independence Bill was introduced in Parliament on July4, received the Royal Assent on July 18, 1947 and came into force from that date.
11. Pt. Nehru was a member of ‘Ruskin Committee’ appointed to report on the Indianisation of Armed forces.
12. Cripps Mission : March – April 1942
13. Quit India Movement : - 8August , 1942 (On July 14th 1942, the Congress Working Committee at Wardha approved the resolution which declared "the immediate ending of the British rule in India , however C. Rajagopalachari did not support the proposals and quit congress. Quit India Resolution was passed at the Bombay session of the AICC on August 8, 1942).
14. Individual Satyagraha : - Oct. 1940
15. August Offer : - 1940
16. Communal Award : - August 1932
17. Poona Pact : - September 1932,
No comments:
Post a Comment